Witchcraft In U.S. History Essay examples -- essays research papers

The religion of Witchcraft goes back around 25,000 years, to the Paleolithic Age, where the God of Hunting and the Goddess of Fertility originally showed up. Keeping in mind the staggering intensity of Nature grew a faith in creatures, divine beings, who controlled the breezes, the oceans, the earth and the flames (Rinehart). Individuals have been butchered for a long time since they had diverse conviction frameworks or they just were not enjoyed. Regardless of whether they were witches or not, a huge number of individuals have been singed at the stake, dunked in freezing streams, or in any case tormented on the grounds that individuals blamed them for being witches. Individuals have been moving over to show signs of improvement life Shortly after Christopher Columbus cruised over the Atlantic attempting to get to India and unconsciously found South America. Individuals began moving once again rapidly in the wake of finding that gold was available in South America. A few nations moved into different pieces of South America, Central America, what is currently Mexico, North America, and Canada. This new spot was ready for the taking there was gold, a lot of game and a ton of farmland. In 1620, a gathering of Separatist Puritans called Pilgrims arrived at Plymouth in the Mayflower looking for strict opportunity. When the explorers got settled down in different towns individuals began blaming each other for rehearsing black magic. Regardless of whether it was new individuals from another rebel gathering or just envy the allegations flew. The individuals who were frequently thought to be the informers of witches were ordinarily accepted to be men wishing to smother wild ladies. This might be valid, yet is definitely more circuitous and unpretentious than prominently accepted. The obligations held by a housewife had monstrous significance in her job in the public eye. Ladies were answerable for saving the limits of social and social life. At the point when this procedure was disturbed, the position and personality of the housewife were placed into question, she could no longer control the procedures expected to satisfy her job. Rather than conceding this loss of control, it might have been simpler for the housewife to accuse a witch, typically somebody who had wronged her. (Starkey 24) Female informers may have wanted to demonstrate their own â€Å"normality† and their eagerness to acknowledge the limitations and presumptions of a strict society. Charging another may likewise have been a method of occupying consideration away from themselves. It might ... ...ft or Wicca is more across the board than one may might suspect. Be that as it may, it is entirely mainstream, particularly around young adolescents. Sources â€Å"Cerridwen's Retreat† http://www.angelfire.com/ky2/cerridwen/index.html.. Site 1 George Malcolm. 1692 Witch Hunt the layman’s manual for the Salem black magic preliminaries. Legacy books, in 1992. â€Å"The History of Witchcraft and The Salem Witchcraft Trials† http://www.angelfire.com/mi/WitchHistoryReport/index.html Site 2 â€Å"The Inner Sanctum† http://www.witchway.net/.. Site 3 Starkey L. Marion. The Devil In Massachusetts. Grapple Books NY New York, 1949. â€Å"Naidra's unassuming abode† http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/2903/ Site 4 â€Å"Nemain† http://nemain.virtualave.net/. On the web, July 18 2000 Site 5 Trask B. Richard. â€Å"The fiend hath been raised† A narrative of the Salem town black magic flare-up of walk 1692. Yeoman Press, Danvers Massachusetts, 1992. Marshal Richard. Black magic The history and Mythology. by Random house distributing, Avenel, New shirt 1995. Rinehart, Catara. Individual meeting, 19 July 2000 â€Å"Witchcraft in Salem village† http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/salem/black magic/Site 6 9

Cavendish Publisher Ltd Essay Example

Cavendish Publisher Ltd Essay Example Cavendish Publisher Ltd Essay Cavendish Publisher Ltd Essay The old perspective on the appointed authorities job, the alleged definitive hypothesis of law, was that they were just pronouncing the current law. Master Esher expressed in Willis v Baddeley26: There is nothing of the sort as judge-made law, the appointed authorities don't make the law, however they every now and again need to apply existing law to conditions with respect to which it has not recently been legitimately set out that such law is relevant. The cutting edge see is that judges do make law. Master Radcliffe stated: there was never a more sterile discussion than that upon the inquiry whether an appointed authority makes law. Obviously he does. How might he help it? 27 actually judges are consistently applying the current principles to new certainty circumstances and subsequently making new laws. Law must adjust to changing conditions and Parliament can be slow28. Along these lines, from any weakness you could generally determine some positive components. The creation of law in chose cases offers open doors for development and legitimate turn of events, which couldn't be given by Parliament. The courts can all the more immediately set down new standards, as the adjudicators every once in a while need to manage instances of early introduction or broaden old standards, to meet novel conditions. On the off chance that another occasion that has not been chosen under the steady gaze of goes to the court (unique point of reference), almost certainly, the adjudicator will take a gander at cases which are close on a fundamental level and choose to utilize comparable principles. This thought of making new law by similarity can be found in Hunter v Canary Wharf29. The obstruction with the gathering on Hunters TV in light of Canary Wharf Tower having been manufactured was compared to the instance of Bland v Molselely30, in regard to the passing of a view. There has developed throughout the hundreds of years a huge amount of cases that outline countless the standards of English law. The cases represent the law in the kind of detail that couldn't be accomplished in a long code of the Continental sort. In any case, in that lies another shortcoming of case law. Its very mass and intricacy make it progressively hard to track down the law31. In addition, the upside of conviction is lessened, as there are such a large number of cases that appear to be truly confounding. Any reasonable person would agree that legal point of reference includes extensive essentialness inside the laws of England, anyway it is imperative to see whether the importance is advocated, and whether it is current position is sufficient. Consistency assumes a focal job in advocating the choices taken specifically case. Some accept that treating two cases similarly can prompt the law being unbendable and inflexible and an absence of opportunity is framed. This somewhat is valid yet I feel that on the off chance that two cases are similar with simply material realities being unique, at that point they ought to be treated similarly. This prompts reasonableness and conviction as referenced already. Be that as it may, there are a ton of components, which make it hard to accomplish consistency, as proclamations of law on a lawful issue are generally made by more than one adjudicator and a solitary appointed authority make a few stamens of law32. For all intents and purposes any legitimate framework has official pecking orders of dynamic, where better courts have the force than resolve conflicting articulations of lower court judges. Along these lines, there is a level of irregularity where the choices conveyed by various appointed authorities on specific purposes of law. In any cases, the guidelines of point of reference don't clarify why judges comply with the principles of point of reference. Neither do they demonstrate the level of consistency that is probably going to be point of reference at any given time33. In general the points of interest are exceed the inconveniences and it the best framework we have right now and still remains profoundly critical in English lawful framework. The Practice Direction of 1966 permits the Highest Court in the chain of command to invert past choices that assists with guaranteeing that old and out dated standards can no longer apply to present day society. Because of the expansion of case law the significance of legal point of reference will increment, as it will cover almost every lawful circumstance. It can't be accomplished by any classified legitimate framework. Despite the fact that a piece of British constitution has now been systematized in rules it just brings points of interest. It very well may be alluded to and it will be anything but difficult to see when somebody breaks these rights. Before the Human Rights Act was made, residents had nothing to back them up when they felt their privileges as a resident had been encroached separated from taking the case to the European Court in Strasbourg. Presently, there are a wide range of cases that permit residents to do things they were never already legitimately permitted to do. The Human Rights law is presently dug in the UK Judicial framework, thus it will be considerably more hard to rescind a settled in Act of Rights when there is a penetrate of fundamental human rights. It will be significant straightforwardly in the UK courts. Word check: 3,905 1 Penny Darbyshire, English Legal System, fifth edn, Sweet Maxwell, p. 22 2 Gary Slapper David Kelly, The English Legal System, sixth edn. , Cavendish Publisher Ltd. , pp. 68, 89 3 J. Stone, The Ratio of the Ratio Decidendi, 22 Modern Law Review,1959, pp. 597-8

Blog Archive GMAT Impact Studying for and Struggling with the GMAT

Blog Archive GMAT Impact Studying for and Struggling with the GMAT With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this blog series,  Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. Have you been studying for the GMAT for a while now but find yourself struggling to lift your score? Perhaps you have some problems of which you are unaware, or you are studying in an inefficient or ineffective way. This article includes links to a number of additional articles. If you see something that applies to your situation, follow the link! First, read this short article:  In It to Win It. Time Management Almost everyone has timing problems; many people  think  they do not, but they are wrong. If you have been studying for a while but your score does not seem to be changing  much, then one of the culprits is probably timing. Another common sign: your practice test scores fluctuate up  and  down. Next,  analyze your most recent practice test  to see whether you have any timing problems and, if so, what they are. Then  read this time management article  and start doing what it says. Content You may also, of course, have content problemsâ€"maybe  modifiers are driving you crazy, or combinatorics. Not all content areas have equal value. Some areas are more commonly tested than others, and those areas are obviously worth more of your time and attention. For example, modifiers are very commonly tested, but combinatorics questions are infrequent. If you are struggling with this topic, good news! Forget about it. How do you know which areas are more or less commonly tested? This changes over time, so ask your instructor or post the question on some GMAT forums. (Not sure how best to use GMAT forums?  Read this!) The test review we discussed in the time management section will also tell you your content strengths and weaknesses. Your next task is to figure out  how  to study in a more effective way. How to Study Many people do huge quantities of problems, but we are not going to memorize all these problems. If that is what you have been doing and you are struggling or taking forever, stop now! What we want to do instead is use the current practice problems to help us  learn how to think  our way through future new problems. When doing GMAT-format problems, be aware that roughly 80% of your learning comes  after you have finished doing the problem. Your goal here is  not  to do a million questions but to do a much more modest number of questions and really analyze them to death.  Here is how  to review GMAT practice problems. You can find additional articles illustrating this process  here, in the How to Study section. Super-High Score Goal What if you are going for a super-high score (730+) and find that you are stagnating? Maybe you have hit 700 but cannot get past that mark. First, do you really need such a high score? Not many schools will reject a 700-scorer  for that reason. If you are determined to push into the stratosphere, learn  the differences between a 700-scorer and a 760-scorer. A super-high scorer has certain skills and habits,  and you  will need to learn how to develop them. Also, recognize that you might need outside help from a class or tutor to make this leap. My Score Dropped! Have you experienced a big score drop (more than 70 points) on a recent practice test or an official exam? I know you are disappointed, but you are not alone. Your task now is to  figure out what went wrong, so that you can take steps to get back to the pre-drop level. Something Else? Finally, if you just cannot figure out what is holding you back, then you likely need the advice of an expert. You can get free advice on various forums (including the  Manhattan Prep forums!). You could also take a class or work with a tutorâ€"this will cost money, of course, but if you have really been banging your head against the wall for a long time, then you might decide the investment is worth it. Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact Blog Archive GMAT Impact Studying for and Struggling with the GMAT With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this blog series,  Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. Have you been studying for the GMAT for a while now but find yourself struggling to lift your score? Perhaps you have some problems of which you are unaware, or you are studying in an inefficient or ineffective way. This article includes links to a number of additional articles. If you see something that applies to your situation, follow the link! First, read this short article:  In It to Win It. Time Management Almost everyone has timing problems; many people  think  they do not, but they are wrong. If you have been studying for a while but your score does not seem to be changing  much, then one of the culprits is probably timing. Another common sign: your practice test scores fluctuate up  and  down. Next,  analyze your most recent practice test  to see whether you have any timing problems and, if so, what they are. Then  read this time management article  and start doing what it says. Content You may also, of course, have content problemsâ€"maybe  modifiers are driving you crazy, or combinatorics. Not all content areas have equal value. Some areas are more commonly tested than others, and those areas are obviously worth more of your time and attention. For example, modifiers are very commonly tested, but combinatorics questions are infrequent. If you are struggling with this topic, good news! Forget about it. How do you know which areas are more or less commonly tested? This changes over time, so ask your instructor or post the question on some GMAT forums. (Not sure how best to use GMAT forums?  Read this!) The test review we discussed in the time management section will also tell you your content strengths and weaknesses. Your next task is to figure out  how  to study in a more effective way. How to Study Many people do huge quantities of problems, but we are not going to memorize all these problems. If that is what you have been doing and you are struggling or taking forever, stop now! What we want to do instead is use the current practice problems to help us  learn how to think  our way through future new problems. When doing GMAT-format problems, be aware that roughly 80% of your learning comes  after you have finished doing the problem. Your goal here is  not  to do a million questions but to do a much more modest number of questions and really analyze them to death.  Here is how  to review GMAT practice problems. You can find additional articles illustrating this process  here, in the How to Study section. Super-High Score Goal What if you are going for a super-high score (730+) and find that you are stagnating. Maybe you have hit 700 but cannot get past that mark. First, do you really need such a high score? Not many schools will reject a 700-scorer  for that reason. If you are determined to push into the stratosphere, learn  the differences between a 700-scorer and a 760-scorer. A super-high scorer has certain skills and habits,  and you  will need to learn how to develop them. Also, recognize that you might need outside help from a class or tutor to make this leap. My Score Dropped! Have you experienced a big score drop (more than 70 points) on a recent practice test or an official exam? I know you are disappointed, but you are not alone. Your task now is to  figure out what went wrong, so that you can take steps to get back to the pre-drop level. Something Else? Finally, if you just cannot figure out what is holding you back, then you likely need the advice of an expert. You can get free advice on various forums (including the  MGMAT forums!). You could also take a class or work with a tutorâ€"this will cost money, of course, but if you have really been banging your head against the wall for a long time, then you might decide the investment is worth it. Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact

Legalized Gaming in Mississippi Essay - 1420 Words

Legalized Gaming in Mississippi Once given up dead, Biloxi this summer celebrates the 10th anniversary of a casino-driven rebirth that has been dubbed The Mississippi Coast Miracle (Biloxi, Miss., Celebrates... 1). In 1992 the first legalized gaming facilities opened on the Mississippi Gulf Coast. The casinos gave Mississippis economy the boost it has needed for a long time. Religious groups and other activists were against the legalization of gaming because they believed the casinos would root an increase of crime. Although casinos may bring significant problems, they pay a large amount of taxes and attract tourists, these revenues together pay for city improvements, better schools, and give†¦show more content†¦Two of the many new attractions are a hockey team and an indoor professional football team. According to Gillette, The Coast is in the top 10% of the league for hockey attendance at Sea Wolves games, and has the highest attendance in the league in indoor professional football (2). This proves there has been a significant increase of people attending local events. With the amount of money going to recreation and amusement, plenty of activities are present to occupy a familys vacation time. With the increased number of tourists visiting the coast, many local industries have prospered which also helps out the regular Joes. According to the article, Mississippis Gulf Coast Went Through Economic Boom in 1990s Report Shows, Sales in most industry categories more than doubled during the decade (2). The President of Peoples Bank, Chevis C. Swetman states, a decade ago the seaside resort city hadnt seen a new hotel built since the 1960s. We were basically dead. Casinos [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] put value back into the local real estate market and cash into workers pockets (Biloxi, Miss., Celebrates... 5). According to the article, Biloxi, Miss., Celebrates 10th Anniversary of Casino-Induced Prosperity, Desportes Biloxi Paper Co. Sells paper goods, office and cleaning supplies, and other products, mostly to casinos andShow MoreRelatedLegalized Gambling Essay919 Words   |  4 PagesLegalized Gambling Have you ever wagered on a game? If so you were gambling and should have been fined. Gambling should be legalized in the state of Florida. The lawmakers, who have decided that it is evil for you and me to gamble, have justified it as a means to scam billions from citizens in order to compensate for their mismanagement of tax money. First they waste what they collect in taxes and then recover the wasted billions with gambling scams to get more, much more. AddingRead MoreThe Impact Of Gambling On The United States1650 Words   |  7 Pagestypes of gambling remain legal. Throughout multiple decades, people have constantly bickered back and forth stating their opinions on what defines gambling, and if it should be illegal or legal. More importantly, all types of gambling should be legalized in the United States since multiple types of gambling already exist and are considered legal, it’s improper to permit some and leave others out. Moreover, gambling stimulates the economy by bringing tourism to the area and creating jobs for thoseRead More Gambling Casinos Essay868 Words   |  4 Pagestrek to Las Vegas or Atlantic City to find the action they so badly crave. It is available today in their own hometowns. Legalized gambling is one of the fastest growing industries in the United States. Gambling’s tremendous popularity is evident in the recent increase in the number of off-track betting parlors (OTB’s) and riverboat casinos that dot the midwest and the Mississippi Delta. Billboards on major highways depict the action and excitement available at such facilities. For most of the industry’sRead More The Case Against Legalized Gambling Essay1319 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica. Gambling institutions exist in many states. These institutions consist of riverboat casinos, Indian reservation casinos, and regular gaming casinos that all accumulate millions of dollars to the state through taxes. This tax money is then used throughout the state for many programs that may include education, health, and road maintenance. The American Gaming Association (AGA) even claims that gambling institutions lower the taxes in many areas because of the large tax money they give the governmentRead MoreWhy Gambling Is The Modern Day Gambling2365 Words   |  10 Pagestoday. Thinking of gambling in America has always brought attention to prospering cities like Las Vegas or Atlantic City. Gambling unfortunately has created a dark subculture that surrounds gaming such as: crime, prostitution, and loansharking. An evolution of security and the disappearance of the mob have made gaming safer for the family since the mid 19th century. These two cities have defined what society knows of gambling in America. They draw million of tourist and have achieved national attentionRead MoreEthical Problem with Gambling Essay1509 Words   |  7 Pagesbegan back in 1963. During that time the state Nevada was the only legalized commercial casino gambling state (Nelson, 2007). Since 1963, there has been widespread of gambling to take across the nation. It is more than casinos, places to play lottery, or illegal places that hold gambling tournaments. Some of these activities were found in Mississippi, Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Tennessee, Arkansas, and Louisiana. 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Most states turned to lotteries, horse and dog racing, and most recently a growing number of states have resorted to casino gambling as a painless way to raise money. Case studies show that legal casino gaming can increase tourism, employmentRead MoreThe Effects of Gambling on Society1594 Words   |  7 PagesChicago (NORC) found that communities closest to casinos experience a 12% to 17% decrease in welfare payments, unemployment rates, and unemployment insurance, (Fahrenkopf, 2002, p.111). Examples of these benefits can be found across America. In Mississippi, the casino industry accounts for 3% of the states workforce and welfare payments have dropped as much as 29% in towns with casinos. In Illinois, tax revenues from 10 Riverboat casinos produced $236 million in 1995 and in Joliet; casinos em ployRead More Legalized Gambling Would Decrease The Crime Rate Essay1765 Words   |  8 Pagesrate is would legalized gambling decrease the crime rate? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During the late 1980’s and early 1990’s slow economic growth, cuts in federal funding, and growing public needs forced state and local governments to seek additional sources of revenue. Most states turned to lotteries, horse and dog racing, and most recently a growing number of states have resorted to casino gambling as a painless way to raise money. Case studies show that legal casino gaming can increase tourism

Affirmative Action in the Workplace - 1282 Words

Affirmative Action in the Workplace Introduction The Civil Rights Act of 1964 empowered minorities in many different ways, most notably in prohibiting discrimination in the workplace. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act expressly prohibits discrimination in hiring, firing, promotion, pay, benefits and other aspects of employment based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin (U.S. Department of Labor, 2012). This law was seen as a major boon to minorities and women in the workforce who had, for years, been subjected to unfair hiring and remuneration practices. But, in order to ensure that there was broad fairness and that employers were abiding by the new law, some steps needed to be taken. One way to monitor employers was to force them to have a certain number of minorities and women on their workforces at all times, greatly increasing the number of minority employees. These affirmative action laws, while still controversial today, have made a huge difference in the composition of our nations workforce and in the lives of those who have been affected. The Government and Affirmative Action Executive Order 11246 issued in 1965 laid out specific guidelines for all federal contractors in regards to equal employment opportunity and affirmative action guidelines. All government contractors with fifty or more employees and $50,000 or more in government contracts must develop a written affirmative action plan for each of its establishments (U.S. Department of Labor,Show MoreRelatedAffirmative Action in the Workplace997 Words   |  4 PagesAffirmative Action in the Workplace Negative and Positive Rebecca Mikell Human Resources BUS362 Affirmative action in this time and place is a very hard area to keep in place when it comes to keeping jobs even at work for the employees. Sometimes this type of equality in the working world can be good and sometimes it can be bad, but it depends on how it is used that really makes how a person can feel when it comes to this type of treatment of employees no matter what color or sexRead MoreAffirmative Action On The Workplace1422 Words   |  6 PagesAffirmative Action in the Workplace Affirmative action for many years has been viciously misinterpreted by many employers and managers that hire new employees. Affirmative action was designed to eliminate any discrimination among qualified employees that were competing for a job. However, in recent years it has backfired and created an entirely new discrimination. This problem arises when companies are told to meet a certain quota for each different race and gender no matter what the circumstancesRead MoreWorkplace Discrimination And Affirmative Action2174 Words   |  9 Pagespaper is on workplace discrimination and the effects affirmative action has on it. Workplace discrimination transpires when an employee suffers from unfavorable or unfair treatment due to race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, disability, or other legally protected characteristic (Fevre, Grainger, and Brewer, 2011). The journal articles examined present different approaches and views concerning workplace discrimination, unethical activities in the workplace, and affirmative action effects andRead MoreAffirmative Action In The Workplace Essay1899 Words   |  8 PagesThe term affirmative action describes policies aimed at a historically socio-politically non-dominant group (typically, minority men or women of all races) intended to promote access to education or employment. Motivation for affirmative action is a desire to redress the effects of past and current discrimination that is regarded as unfair.[who?] It also serves to encourage public institutions such as universities, hospitals and police forces to be more representative of the population[1]. ThisRead MoreAffirmative Action Policies Should Be Implemented891 Words   |  4 PagesAffirmative Action Policies Should be Implemented Affirmative action policies should be implemented to improve to help propel the company forward. Affirmative action can be a useful tool to help create diversity in the workplace. Implementing affirmative action policies will encourage growth in the company because we will be able to effectively select and hire people, not on the basis of race but on actual qualifications that make a person suitable for a position in the company. Affirmative actionRead MoreImagine A Student Named Billy Is Applying For A Scholarship.1001 Words   |  5 Pagesdidn’t. The answer is affirmative action. Affirmative action is an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, and it is an outdated program that is creating unequal opportunities for non-diverse people. The history of affirmative action goes back farther than one might think. Affirmative action is not a new concept. It has been around since the 1961 when President John F. Kennedy signed an executive order that told employers to take â€Å"affirmative action to ensure that applicantsRead MoreAn Ethical Dilemma: Affirmative Action, Do We Still Need It?1706 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Dilemma: Affirmative Action, Do We Still Need It? An Ethical Dilemma: Affirmative Action, Do We Still Need It? Abstract This paper discusses the importance of affirmative action in today’s society and the ethical role it plays when Employers and Universities are considering entry to their respected places of establishment. The paper will conclude with what America will face in the future in terms of affirmative action. An Ethical Dilemma: Affirmative Action, Do We Still NeedRead MoreAffirmative Action : Discrimination Against Minorities1513 Words   |  7 PagesOthmane Ezzabdi AP Seminar Affirmative Action Affirmative action has been apart of the work environment in America since the 1960s until present time. Its main goal has been to suppress the discrimination against minorities and to give them a fighting chance to succeed in achieving their goal of living the American dream all in an act to counter the inexcusable racism and discrimination that has been inhumanely placed on to the minorities over a century ago in the United States; it will ultimatelyRead MoreAffirmative Action774 Words   |  4 PagesAffirmative action is a practice that is intended to promote opportunities for the â€Å"protected class† which includes minorities, woman, and people with disabilities or any disadvantaged group for that matter. With affirmative action in place people of this protected class are given an even playing field in terms of hiring, promotion, as well as compensation. Historically, affirmative action is only known to have protected African Americans and woman; however that is not the case. Affirmative actionRead MoreAffirmative Action1160 Words   |  5 PagesAffirmative Action Marlene S. Smith MGT/434 October 28, 2013 Thomas Affirmative Action Affirmative action is an action that was purposefully designed to provide full and equal opportunities for employment and education for women, minorities, and other individuals belonging to disadvantaged groups. This paper will assess the rudiments of Affirmative Action as it applies to public and private sector employers. The paper will also evaluate what employers are subject to affirmative action

Economic Development During The Post War Period Of...

Economic Develop is a term that is commonly used to describe the process whereby simple low-income national economies are transformed into modern industrial economies. (Krueger). It includes the policies and practices a country uses, (i.e. environmental issues, educational standards, gross domestic product, (per capita), healthcare levels, infrastructure and the availability of housing), to progress the economic, political, and societal good of its people and generally surmises and describes changes within a country’s economy; in terms of assets, incomes, savings and socioeconomic structure. There are generally two pivotal classifications of determinant components that stimulus the economic development of a country. They are; ïÆ'Ëœ Economic Factors, (i.e. capital development, natural resources, oversupply of marketable agriculture, foreign trade restrictions and economic approaches). ïÆ'Ëœ Non-Economic Factors, (i.e. depravity, social organization, diplomatic autonomy, education, technology and human capital). Economic development originated in the post war period of reconstruction initiated by the United States. â€Å"In 1949, during his inaugural speech, President Harry Truman identified the development of undeveloped areas as a priority for the west More than half the people of the world are living in conditions approaching misery. Their food is inadequate, they are victims of disease. Their economic life is primitive and stagnant. Their poverty is a handicap and a threat both toShow MoreRelatedThe Civil War And Reconstruction Periods1118 Words   |  5 PagesThe Unfinished Revolution The Civil War and Reconstruction periods had many positive outcomes for America, such as the reunification of the Union, the expansion of the North and South’s economy, education for all, and much more. Although there were many positive results from these two periods, there was also an aftermath of much failure. The post Civil War, and Reconstruction period consisted of the formation of the Ku Klux Klan and the black code laws. Despite the fact that African American’s wereRead MoreSouthern White Supremacy and Black Civil Rights 1863-1877 Essay1300 Words   |  6 Pages Having endured the brutality of slavery and the uncertainty of war, America’s blacks enjoyed a period of relative respite during the years 1863-1877. With slavery abolished, the South underwent reconstruction within every component of its unsteady structure. However, one must measure the success of this reconstruction with the criteria of political, social and economic changes in mind. The amendments of the 1860s gave blacks greater political freedom, but were only upheldRead MoreThe Reconstruction Essay925 Words   |  4 PagesThe Reconstruction Reconstruction is defined as the period following the Civil War in which the Republican-dominated Federal government sought to reunite the Union; the measure included drastically remodeling Southern society in order to secure equality and independence for blacks through granting them various freedoms. Many historians believe that in order to fully understand the modern United States, one must understand Reconstruction. Studying it, therefore, has beenRead MoreJIM CORW LAWS Essay1524 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1865, four million Americans who were called slaves simply because they were born black, were now free with an expectation that they would enjoy all civil liberties. The post-Civil War period of Reconstruction provided freedmen with various rights, but in little over a decade, the promise of emancipation and equal rights was gone, replaced by rigid system of laws designed to keep blacks from experiencing any of their newly achieved rights, which is known as the era of Jim Crow, the American formRead MoreEconomic Growth Of Post War Japan1361 Words   |  6 Pagesworld war. A majority of the commercial buildings and accommodation had been demolished, and massive machinery and equipment formerly used in production for the civil market were out of service to provide metal for military supplies (Miyazaki 1967). Despite the trash and ruins had left over in Japan, Japan was able to rebuilding its infrastructure and reconstruct their economy. It is revealed that the Japanese economy was on its way to recovery, which received a rapid development since the war, andRead MoreGlobalization : The First Phase Of Economic Globalization964 Words   |  4 PagesEconomic globalization: it is the international movement of goods, services, capital and people as well as an increased economic integration and interdependence of national, regional and local economies across the world. The three phases of globalization in the developing world: the first phase occurred during 1800-1914. It focused on the flow of capital from the West. The second phase in a broader scheme was focused around import substitution industrialization. Where developing countries restrictedRead MoreThe History of America1061 Words   |  4 Pagespoints during the post-Civil War period (1865-1900) were the dramatic rise of industrial America (industrialization) and the development of the American West. This paper reviews and critiques those developments Two major turning points: the rapid growth of American industry settlement of the West. The Library of Congress (LOC) reports that the U.S. emerged after the Civil War as an industrial giant; the industries that really took hold were petroleum refining, electrical power development, steelRead MoreThe Stystem Developed in the The Bretton Woods Conference862 Words   |  3 Pagesthe two most significant financial institutions, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development [World Bank] and The International Monetary Fund (Stwenron, 1944). The conference set the standard of gold to $35.00 and selected the American dollar as the backbone of international exchange. The goal of the conference was to create a system through these financial institutes for economic co-operation and development leading to stable and robust global economy (International Monetary Fund, 2013)Read MoreThe country of Kosovo and its citizens have suffered from wars, exploitation, and destruction.1400 Words   |  6 PagesKosovo and its citizens have suffered from wars, exploitation, and destruction. Thus, as a consequence Kosovo is considered as a country which has the poorest economy in the region. However, lately there has been some considerable progress, even though from a low base. Kosovo has demonstrated progress in the creation of the foundations of a market economy. After the conflict of 1990s, most of Kosovo’s economic growth is related to post-conflict reconstruction. However, f ifteen years after the liberationRead MorePre and Post Reconstruction Period – Politics, Economic and Social Effects2107 Words   |  9 Pages History 2301-SA01 – United States History to 1877 Instructor: 18 July 2011 Pre and Post Reconstruction Period – Politics, Economic and Social Effects This research paper is intended to explain in general terms some of the political, economics and social effects America dealt with during the Pre and Post Reconstruction Period. During the last years of the Civil War, as Union forces moved closer to victory and millions of former slaves became free, Americans began to think about

Romeo And Juliet Star Crossed Lovers Essay Example For Students

Romeo And Juliet Star Crossed Lovers Essay Is it a State of Love or a State of Confusion?11-4-98Period 1Shakespeare portrays Romeo, as a confused love struck man, in his play Romeo and Juliet. Romeo falls in love easily which leads one to think if he is truly capable of love.Romeo falls in love with two people in this play. The first person he falls in love with is Rosaline, a woman. He hardly knows Rosaline, maybe just seeing her once or twice, yet allows her rejection to tear him up inside. Is Romeo torn up inside or is he just acting? Romeo is so dramatic when he is first met that one might think him to be acting. Dramatically stating . ..I have lost myself; I am not here(I.i. 197) Romeo seems to be taking his grieving too far. In addition shuts up his windows, locks fair daylight out,/ and makes himself an artificial night (I.i.134,135), these actions are too far to take rejection from one girl who he had only puppy love for. In any case, Romeo always talks positively about Rosaline, saying she is rich in beauty(I.i.216), showing his respect for women. In this love Shakespeare has Romeo talking in oxymorons showing that he is obviously confused and unstable. The confusion that Romeo feels is due to his, without a doubt, cold rejection from one of his loves. Romeo then falls in love with a young girl named Juliet. Juliet is a sweet, pretty girl. He sees her and it is love at first sight; She doth teach the torches to burn bright (I. v.44), shows his great admiration. In this case he also talks positively about his love, but the difference is that he is not talking in oxymorons but in a sonnet showing this love is true and meant to be. Even though the way he talks says that Romeo is truly in love with Juliet, yet how can one be sure with the way he felt for Rosaline before. Shakespeare was cleaver in writing in oxymorons to show Romeos confusion and in sonnets and clear forms of poetry to show his clear mind and true love. The question is, is Romeo in love both times, one time, or not at all?After his great love with Rosaline that caused so much pain, Romeo immediately falls in love with Juliet. Benvolio takes Romeo to a party to get over Rosaline, who he thinks he can never get over, then seeing Juliet never thinks of Rosaline a second more. How can someone who is in heart-stricken love one second not even remember the persons name the next. Did my heart love till now? Forswear it sight!/ For I never saw a true beauty till this night (I.v.52,53) Romeo unconsciously states about Juliet yet he swore his was in love with Rosaline. Since he now realizes that he was never in love with Rosaline how can he be sure to be in love with Juliet? He could have been that same way about Rosaline at first and then after she rejected him he could have changed his state of mind and view of love. It seems that Romeo was never in love with Rosaline because he did not know what love was but now that he sees Juliet it is in his cards that this is truly love. Saying that before he was a boy with puppy love and now a man with true love directly from his heart. Romeo now knows love to the fullest and gives himself to Juliet.

Beethoven Essays (714 words) - Age Of Enlightenment,

Beethoven BEETHOVEN, Ludwig van (1770-1827) The composer of some of the most influential pieces of music ever written, Ludwig van Beethoven created a bridge between the 18th-century classical period and the new beginnings of Romanticism. His greatest breakthroughs in composition came in his instrumental work, including his symphonies. Unlike his predecessor Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, for whom writing music seemed to come easily, Beethoven always struggled to perfect his work. Ludwig van Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany, and was baptized on Dec. 17, 1770. (There is no record of his birth date.) His father and grandfather worked as court musicians in Bonn. Ludwig's father, a singer, gave him his early musical training. Although he had only meager academic schooling, he studied piano, violin, and French horn, and before he was 12 years old he became a court organist. Ludwig's first important teacher of composition was Christian Gottlob Neefe. In 1787 he studied briefly with Mozart, and five years later he left Bonn permanently and went to Vienna to study with Joseph Haydn and later with Antonio Salieri. Beethoven's first public appearance in Vienna was on March 29, 1795, as a soloist in one of his piano concerti. Even before he left Bonn, he had developed a reputation for fine improvisatory performances. In Vienna young Beethoven soon had a long list of aristocratic patrons who loved music and were eager to help him. Onset of Deafness In the late 1700s Beethoven began to suffer from early symptoms of deafness. The cause of his disability is still uncertain. By 1802 Beethoven was convinced that the condition not only was permanent, but was getting progressively worse. He spent that summer in the country and wrote what has become known as the Heiligenstadt Testament. In the document, apparently intended for his two brothers, Beethoven expressed his humiliation and despair. For the rest of his life he searched for a cure, but by 1819 his deafness had become total. Afterward, in order to have conversations with his friends, Beethoven had them write down their questions and replied orally. Beethoven never married. Though he had many friends, he seemed to be a lonely man. He continued to appear in public but spent more and more of his time working on his compositions. He lived in various villages near Vienna and took long walks carrying sketchbooks in which he would write down his musical ideas. Scholars who have studied these sketchbooks have discovered the agonizingly long process that the composer went through in order to perfect his melodies, harmonies, and instrumentations. Three Periods of Work Most critics divide Beethoven's work into three general periods, omitting the earliest years of his apprenticeship in Bonn. Although some pieces do not fit exactly into the scheme, these divisions can be used to categorize the composer's work. The first period, from 1794 to about 1800, consists of music whose most salient features are typical of the classical era. The influence of such musicians as Mozart and Haydn is evident in Beethoven's early chamber music, as well as in his first two piano concerti and his first symphony. Beethoven added his own subtleties, including sudden changes of dynamics, but in general the music was well constructed and not far from the sensibilities of the classical period. The second period, from 1801 to 1814, includes much of Beethoven's improvisatory work. His Symphony No. 3, known as the Eroica, and the 'Fourth Piano Concerto' are fine examples of this period. The final period, from 1814 to the end of his life, is characterized by even wider ranges of harmony and counterpoint. The last string quartets contain some of the composer's most vivid new ideas. Beethoven created longer and more complicated forms of music. In his symphonies and string quartets, he often replaced the minuet movement with a livelier scherzo. He also used improvisatory techniques, with surprise rhythmic accents and other unexpected elements. Many critics and listeners regard Beethoven as the finest composer who ever lived. His music was unique and emotional. Never before had instrumental music been brought to such heights. He also made great strides with chamber music for piano, as well as for string quartets, trios, and sonatas. His works include nine symphonies, 32 piano sonatas, five piano concerti, 17 string quartets, ten sonatas for violin and piano, one opera ('Fidelio'), the 'Mass in C Major', 'Missa Solemnis', and other chamber music. Beethoven died in Vienna on March 26, 1827. His funeral was attended by hundreds of mourners. The bicentennial of his birth and the sesquicentennial of his death were celebrated with new performances and recordings of all of the master's works. Music

Free Essays on Piercing

The Healing time for the Nipple Piercing varies greatly from person to person but is usually around 3-6 months. Make sure your piercer gives you detailed "Aftercare" instructions on how exactly to care for your new piercings. Jewellery that is appropriate for the Nipple piercing includes Bead rings, Continuous rings, Barbells or Circular Barbells. Bead rings are a popular choice of jewellery for the initial piercing as they are cheaper and make it much easier to clean the piercing. Labrets are used for labret and lip piercings as well as some ear piercings Vassel Rings are a creative and versatile piece of jewelry often warn in place of a barbell or a captive bead ring. For example, put the barbell through your tongue, or put the ring through your nipple letting the barbell dangle. Earlets & Plugs are more often used in the ears but can be warn in a variety of large gauge holes. General Piercing Care Information 1. NEVER handle a new piercing with dirty hands! Wash hands and fingertips well. 2. Avoid any introduction of foreign bodily fluid to the area (sweat, blood, saliva, etc.). 3. Do not harass the piercing's healing process by wearing constrictive clothing or allowing repeated bumping and knocking around the jewelry. 4. Use caution when swimming during healing; poor water quality and high bacteria presence will infect your new piercing. Some people will run Vaseline or Neosporin liberally through the hole prior to a swim in order to seal off the exposed tissue temporarily. In this case, soak well with salt water and clean immediately afterwards. 5. Listen to your body's reactions to various products. Some ingredients commonly found in skincare products can irritate the vulnerable tissue in new piercings. Eliminating variables in product exposure will often solve occasional irritation. 6. ALL new piercings will secrete a gooey, sticky fluid called lymph. This will dry up and form a ring of crust... Free Essays on Piercing Free Essays on Piercing The Healing time for the Nipple Piercing varies greatly from person to person but is usually around 3-6 months. Make sure your piercer gives you detailed "Aftercare" instructions on how exactly to care for your new piercings. Jewellery that is appropriate for the Nipple piercing includes Bead rings, Continuous rings, Barbells or Circular Barbells. Bead rings are a popular choice of jewellery for the initial piercing as they are cheaper and make it much easier to clean the piercing. Labrets are used for labret and lip piercings as well as some ear piercings Vassel Rings are a creative and versatile piece of jewelry often warn in place of a barbell or a captive bead ring. For example, put the barbell through your tongue, or put the ring through your nipple letting the barbell dangle. Earlets & Plugs are more often used in the ears but can be warn in a variety of large gauge holes. General Piercing Care Information 1. NEVER handle a new piercing with dirty hands! Wash hands and fingertips well. 2. Avoid any introduction of foreign bodily fluid to the area (sweat, blood, saliva, etc.). 3. Do not harass the piercing's healing process by wearing constrictive clothing or allowing repeated bumping and knocking around the jewelry. 4. Use caution when swimming during healing; poor water quality and high bacteria presence will infect your new piercing. Some people will run Vaseline or Neosporin liberally through the hole prior to a swim in order to seal off the exposed tissue temporarily. In this case, soak well with salt water and clean immediately afterwards. 5. Listen to your body's reactions to various products. Some ingredients commonly found in skincare products can irritate the vulnerable tissue in new piercings. Eliminating variables in product exposure will often solve occasional irritation. 6. ALL new piercings will secrete a gooey, sticky fluid called lymph. This will dry up and form a ring of crust...

Economic Value Added Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Economic Value Added - Essay Example Thus it requires managers and employees to focus on how capital is utilized and how it generates cash an important idea for all investor analysis of a corporation. There is usually a common goal for all corporations which are to obtain capital and earn a return rate exceeding that of the capital. In order to achieve this goals EVA measure the amount of money left after deducting the capital thus providing a financial statement reporting. EVA can be used to determine whether an corporation is accountable for economic outlays whether they are on the balance sheet, income statement or in the financial statement. This is because this tool creates a financial statement that consists of all the cost of being in the corporation while giving managers an account of every dollar used. There are two gains from focusing on the growth of EVA in a corporation. On one hand, the attention of the management is more focused towards its main responsibility which is to raise investor’s assets. Io n the other hand, deformation resulting from the utilization of historical cost accounting data is eliminated or decreased to ensure that managers spend their time finding means to raise EVA. Therefore, the raised awareness of the effective use capital eventually creates additional shareholder value. This frees the corporation from spending more time in establishing ways to raise EVA but able to produce additional shareholder value according to Albrecht, Stice, Stice and Swain (2010). EVA creates a common language for decision making particularly long-term decisions which are important in improving the results and success of a corporation. For instance, it can be used in resolving budgeting problems and assessing the performance of organizational elements and directors in order to determine the end result .EVA quantification of results in terms of finance also aids in strengthening other management programs such as customer development, TQM and quick response by demanding and gettin g constant financial improvement as stated by Reynolds and Cuthbertson (2004). Thus in order to make EVA useful in attaining improved financial statement reporting and success, managers and workers need to espouse long-term focus and start to think like owners of the business. This way they will make them feel responsible for and participate in the economic value of the corporation leading to improved results. For improved success, EVA can be connected with an incentive award system. In such a way, EVA can provide a measure to calculate success and a medium for continued performance improvement. Since EVA is computed on an accounting period, it allows employees to plot progress during the year and this can help in improving on the end result thus a success. According to Shelo64 (2012), a transition to EVA measurements entails serious obligation of the board of directors and the senior management to utilize the measures in managing the business for an improved financial statement rep orting, results and success. In addition, every individual should buy into the plan in order to make it successful in such improvements. An extensive training and communication for everyone in the company is also required for using EVA to achieve such improvements. Problems of EVA One of the problems with EVA is that it does not provide an account for authentic options or growth opportunities intrinsic in the investment decisions as stated by Schon (2007). Additionally, it does not reflect the perception of the market on the value of growth

Statistical Analysis of the Missing Values Assignment

Statistical Analysis of the Missing Values - Assignment Example This research is being carried out to evaluate and present the two cases that are defined as outliers because visual inspection reveals that they are several multiples of the standard deviation removed from the base pay range that accounts for 99.5% of all cases. It is highly probable that cases 158 and 379 are managers only because their base pay are more than twice the highest base pay levels of everybody else. Otherwise, there is no telling from their age or educational qualifications. One therefore runs the variant of the two-sample t-test with unequal variances assumed. The result (overleaf) shows, first of all, that the variances for gender and basic wage are truly worlds apart. This stands to reason, given the respective ranges of the two variables. Secondly, the output reveals a computed t value of 67.51 which is so high that the associated p statistic is microscopic: 0.21 with 219 leading zeroes. At 399 degrees of freedom, t = -67.51, p < 0.001. Going by the outcome of the t -test reported in item #5 above, we can reject the null hypothesis that there is no difference in basic pay by sex. The computed difference in item 6 is statistically significant. The output overleaf shows that the calculated F value is associated with a very low significance statistic, p < 0.05. This means we can safely assume that the variances for the two variables are not equal. Recognizing at this point that the Excel â€Å"Data Analysis† setup for the F test returns erroneous output, we change the way the variable ranges are defined and obtain a different result this time. The F statistic is now just 1.21 and the associated significance statistic is p > 0.05. This leads us to assume that the variance of bonuses across gender is equal. Accessing the two-sample t-test with equal variances assumed, one finds that the calculated t statistic is 0.99, for which the one-tailed p-value is p=0.16.

The Unjust War In Iraq Politics Essay

The Unjust War In Iraq Politics Essay Peaceful efforts to disarm the Iraqi regime have failed again and again-because we are not dealing with peaceful men, stated the President of the United States of America, George W. Bush, as he declared war to Iraq. The Iraq War was labeled as a preventive war, aimed at removing the threat before it could arise and by the criterion of the just war theory this type of war is often considered morally dubious. Through close scrutiny of Bushs arguments, we find that the invasion of Iraq was unjustified because insufficient reasoning was advanced for the proposition that the war was just. The just war theory sets a series of very specific conditions to be cleared by proponents of war, and in this case they failed. Therefore, on the grounds of insufficient reason, the Iraq War is unjust. In order to properly make this claim it is necessary to analyze President George W. Bushs argument, focusing on the components of the jus ad bellum criteria from the just war theory. The arguments stated b y President Bush on March 17, 2003 as valid for declaring war did not fulfill all the criteria necessary, such as: just cause and right intention, to place the second Iraq war as permissible; rather it can be claimed unnecessary. Just war theory has set the guideline for evaluating war in a moral spectrum (Miller, 1). The just war tradition presents a series of justifications that must be valid in order to reach a prudentially defensible decision about whether to go to war or not. Just war theory states that a nation may engage in warfare only for the purpose of self defense and only when all other means to solve the conflict have been exhausted (Coates, 98). First, in order for the Iraq War to be permissible, it should have had valid arguments for the Jus ad Bellum criteria. The Jus ad Bellum criterias intention is to question the permissibility of war, meaning when and under what circumstances may a state may engage in war and when, if ever, is it morally justified (Miller, 1). Under the Jus ad Bellum criteria there are several decisive factors that must be met in order to be justified. President Bush fails to meet all of these criteria and engaged in a war that was not morally permissible. Obviously the most crucial matter is determining the reasons why to engage in war, to abide by the regulations of the just cause criterion, which clearly states that force may only be used when there has been an aggression against a states sovereignty or human rights (Miller, 2). George W. Bush has said that the Iraq War can be justified by this criterion, because force can be used in self-defense or to pre-empt an imminent attack. The rationale behind of Bushs argument was that Saddam Hussein had possession of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and had a supposed relation to the terrorist group Al-Qaeda. As he made clear with his declarations The danger is clear: using chemical, biological or, one day, nuclear weapons, obtained with the help of Iraq, the terrorist could fulfill their stated ambitions and kill thousands or hundreds of thousands of innocent people in our country. If these accusations were true, then it would be valid as far as just cause, because indeed they would be engaging in preemptive war insofar as there is an imminent threat. This is the basis for the Bush Doctrine dictates in a war where there are weapons of mass destruction, the threat is always imminent, which is the basis for the previously mentioned argument. The idea that because the stakes are too high there was a moral obligation to act first and not wait for a strike was also one of the ideas used to justify the need for war. However, over the course of six years, American troops continue to sacrifice their lives and not one weapons of mass destruction has been unearthed and few ties to Al-Qaeda have been discovered.    In light of these facts, it is easy to understand why the majority of the American population considers the War in Iraq a disastrous blunder and a failure to in fact comply with the regulations of just cause. Moreover, if an argument can be that we have to strike first against anything that might appear as a threat, then we would be constantly attacking other co untries because they disagree with the United States policies. No war is totally predicable. Therefore, President Bush failed to give a valid reason to fulfill the just cause condition. In another light, it might be arguable that there was right intention behind the war in Iraq. President Bush feverishly argued in his speech that the intention to disarm Iraq was solely to protect people from the war on terror and a tyrant leader. We will tear down the apparatus of terror and we will help you to build a new Iraq that is prosperous and freeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.the tyrant will soon be gone, if this is indeed the heroic intention behind the war, then it adheres to Jus ad Bellum criterion. However, there have and continue to exist terrible regimes in the world, such as Sudan and North Korea just to mention a few. I still have not seen President Bush call a press conference and declare a war against them in order to fulfill his moral duty to liberate people from oppression. I doubt that his concerns regarding human rights were ever at the top of his political agenda. From what we have witness of the Iraq War, we can conclude that it was not approached as a war to bring about s ocial justice, the number of civilian deaths is outstanding and no one could ever think of this war as a humanitarian act. What I am saying is that right intention is not met either because the goal of war should be to attain peace and there should be no private motivations, and even as if we can all agree that disarmament is ideal and desirable, I do find the real motives questionable. I cannot discard the possibility that protecting the innocent might just be a byproduct of real intent such as, but not limited to, retaliating past injustices or damages of Saddam Husseins regime on the United States, a form of revenge for the resentment on a speculation of the relation between Hussein and the terrorist attacks from 9/11, or to force Iraq into a regime change because of the dislike of their leader (Prados, 127). By intentions such as vengeance as a goal of war the permissibility of war would have been denied. Let us remind ourselves that it is necessary not only to fight against an unjust cause but for a just one. As far as legitimate authority goes, this is a very fragile condition to break. President Bush could be deemed as a legitimate authority insofar as he is acting on behalf of a common good, but whose common good is he acting on behalf of? As he mentioned: The United States of America has sovereign authority to use force in assuring its own national security. That duty falls to me, as Commander-in-Chief, he clearly was acting for the good of his country, but he does not mention anything regarding the good of the rest of the world, particularly the Iraqi people. Indeed it is hard to determine this when the intentions for the war are unclear. Besides, Iraq had not attacked the United States directly, let us not forget that there is no proof of any link between the terrorist attacks and Saddam Hussein, therefore not placing a direct threat on their sovereignty. Therefore, the United Nations was the legitimate authority as they were engaging in a diplomatic intervention before the invasion on behalf of the common good of all nations. It is necessary to clarify that the UN Security Council is a collection of authorities who act as a whole and no member should act on its own. This is directly linked to the other condition of the Jus ad Bellum criteria: last resort. This deals with the idea that all other resorts had been exhausted and all other attempts had been ineffective. The argument here for George W. Bush was that after twelve years of democracy, more than a dozen resolutions in the United Nations Security Council, and all other failed attempts of what he calls good faith had been exhausted, and, therefore, he had to act. Even though it is undeniable that Iraq had clearly violated various resolutions presented by the United Nations Security Council, there was still reasonable hope for a democratic solution. People failed to challenge faulty information and justifications given by Bush and his administration because they were so immersed into Groupthink (Prados, 17). Meaning that a group made a faulty decision because group pressure led to a deterioration of their efficiency to make good decisions and tend to ignore alternatives. War should not be re sorted to just because it is faster than diplomacy. As a result, it can be said that there is always another option and the Iraq war was certainly not the last resort. Proportionality was another big argument for President Bush; in fact this can be the basis of the Bush doctrine. He stated that the risk of inaction would most definitely outweigh the risk of action, meaning that if they did not act they could be facing a nuclear attack: We choose to meet that threat now, where it arises, before it can appear suddenly in our skies and cities. Nonetheless, this can be disproven as well insofar as no weapons of mass destruction were found and so if the United States would not of acted they would not have been more threatened by them than they have always been to countries that dislike them. In terms of just war theory and specifically the Jus ad Bellum criterion it can be concluded that these concepts can be twisted in directions that are not legitimate to try to make a war permissible. This was clearly the case with the Iraq War. Using the novelty idea of a pre-emptive war, in which they were entitled to attack another country just by believing that they had the potential to become a threat, President Bush was able to get away with it. I do not believe that any nation or leader has the noble intentions to really try to prevent something just for the sake of a universal good as it was presented on Bushs speech. There always has to be a hidden intention or benefit, and I am sure this was war was not the exception, even though we can only speculate about what the real motivations were, we can be sure that the arguments presented on the Presidents speech were not sufficient to abide to the conditions of the just war theory, specifically the Jus ad Bellum criterion. Further more, the primary reason for engaging in warfare is to restore peace and the Iraq War has failed miserably to deliver peace and security to the Iraqi people or to anyone for that matter, making this the unnecessary war.

Birth Defects Essay -- essays research papers

Birth Defects No one is immune to birth defects, yet not everyone is equally susceptible. Birth defects are not merely a medical problem. They have profound effects on the social and psychological well being of their family and friends. In the normal course of fetal development, cells migrate to their appropriate destination so that organs and limbs form where they should. Usually, the genes perform flawlessly, but mistakes can and do occur. Some of the most common birth defects results from the interaction between one or two abnormal genes out of 100,000 that make up who we are. This is caused by the genes parents pass on or effected by drugs and alcohol upon the fetus of a new born child. Down's syndrome, the most common genetic disease formerly known as mongolism, "occurs one in every six hundred births throughout the world" ( Storm 102). It is caused by chromosomal error, where there is an extra chromosome 21. Instead of have two chromosomes as does a normal individual, there are three. These children's features include up slanted eyelids, depressed foreheads, hearing loss, dental problems, poor speech development, heart disease and intestinal problems where surgery is required. Parents feel very helpless and guilty in many of these and similar situations, feeling as if they are abnormal. However most can learn to walk, talk, dress themselves and eat. Special work programs are available that can help the child reach their education level. Also these work programs help takes off the many stresses facing parents. They no longer have to go it alone. Tay Sachs disease is another selective genetic disorder that destroyed nerve cells. This causes mental retardation, loss of muscle control and death. Children who inherit an abnormal gene from both parents will inherit the decease. The carrier parents have one normal gene and one defective gene. Carriers of Tay-Sachs disease have no symptoms. " If two carriers have children, each child has twenty-five percent chance of inheriting the defective gene (both parents)" (Strom 174). These children are unable to produce an enzyme that breaks down fats in the brain and nerve cells. The cells become clogged with fat and prevent the cells from functioning normally. Within three to four years their bodies dies. Sandra vividly remembers how happy she was to have a baby brother and what a beautiful, h... ... be wrong. " Since two hundred and fifty thousand babies with birth defects of varying severity are born in the United States each year" ( Gravelle 6), it would be hard not to meet some of these people. In the past few decades, many strides have been taken to help understand the causes of such diseases with hope of treatments and cures. Also works of finding ways to help the parents cope with their emotional devastation have been taken as many accomplishments have been made. Parents are now finding ways to move past their anger and frustration and enjoy a loving relationship with their child. With a wider knowledge of information available and treatment to drug addits families can pull though. Caring for a child is a tough emotional and physical battle but should always be looked as a gift, these children have much to offer. Work Cited Darling, Jon. Children Who Are Different. Toronto: The C.V. Mosby Company, 1982. Gardner, Suzy. Substance Abuse During Pregnancy: Protecting The Foetus And New Born Child. Norwich: UEA Norwich., 1992. Gravelle, Karen. Understanding Birth Defects. U.S.A: Frankin Watts, 1990. Strom, Charles. Heredity and Ability. U.S.A: Plenum Press, 1990.

Enter Thomas Hardy Essay

Enter Thomas Hardy, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Robert Browning, Gerard Manley Hopkins and William Blake. The poets are seated around a small table in a crowded and agitated Chinese restaurant, at the heart of Texas. After the initial shock and excitement of their unwonted experience, they all meditate on the state of the world in which they have accidentally landed, poring over a newspaper cut that announces the death of a young girl as a result of heroin overdose. A heavy silence has set on the poets’ table, in strange contrast to the loud mirth of the small Chinese restaurant. Raising his brow, Hardy interrupts the silence. He speaks slowly, with a clear but tired voice: Hardy: Surely my beliefs are strengthened by this terrible mishap. If only there was a malevolent ruler of the universe to blame for the cruel death of this young girl. Then all our voices would roar against him, accusing him of injustice and absurdity. We would feel betrayed and angry that the supreme ruler of the world ill-uses his creatures so. But I see it clear now, as I have seen it and heard it so often in the mysterious and neutral voice of nature all around me: the universe is a hollow shell; there is no other voice in this world than that of nature and chance echoing through the ages and creating havoc in our poor, mortal existence. The death of this beautiful child is the answer of the impersonal and cruel force of chance to all our hopes and ideals. There are many of us who have fallen in love with the world and its wonders, as there are many of us who have always hated it. I have heard the world speak to me many times, warning me not to look for meanings where there are none. I have long heard it say to me not to look for promises in the web of uncertainties and in the play of chance. This is what the world has long said to me: `I do not promise overmuch, Child; overmuch; Just neutral-tinted haps and such’. This fair warning still rings in my ears today. There is only chance in this world, that is all there is. Nothing lasts and no sense can be made of all we see around us. We look for meanings where there are only occurrences. One happening follows another and we are at the mercy of chance and time. Despite our passionate search for answers, the nature sends back only a dispassionate, neutral response, playing its games and rolling the dices. Casualty is the most powerful governing law we have and there is no hope for escape. It is this â€Å"crass Casualty† that â€Å"obstructs the sun and rain†, giving us the good moments and the bad moments by turns. Nature follows its own logic, not ours. And time plays dice with the world, casting its sums of moans and joy and making us obey its impersonal and mute force. I do not see any other meaning in the death of this young girl. She, like the rest of us, was in the hands of chance. Had her life been long and happy, she would have owed it all to chance still. There is too much arbitrariness in everything to believe we are ruled by a God who reasons and who loves. Nothing happens for a reason. Do not further look for meaning in this my friends, for there are none and never expect much, for there is nothing more†¦ The others have listened in silence to Hardy’s disconsolate speech. When he ceased however, Tennyson began in a tremulous, shaken voice: Tennyson: Oh, my friends, these would have been my own words once. Like you, I would have looked upon this young girl’s death as the substantiation of all my aching questions. I have often felt like an infant crying desperately for knowledge, for the light of meaning to suppress the darkness of the world! At times there seemed to be no answer anywhere. I wanted to see that â€Å"nothing walks with aimless feet†, that there is no destruction of life and that everything that happens has a purpose and a meaning in the larger, unseen order of things. I wanted to understand God as the careful designer of all, the divine force that gives meaning to everything there is and does not allow anything to perish. I painfully wavered between belief and disbelief†¦ At times, I could not endure the thought that anything in the world was useless or devoid of purpose. If God was here with us, a mere worm would have its significance in the world and its place in eternity along with the whole of the creation. But oftentimes my belief and my need for knowledge stumbled on the carelessness of nature. I wondered many times whether â€Å"God and Nature† were â€Å"at strife†, seeing â€Å"that Nature lends such evil dreams†. The hope in a divine order of things seemed to be shattered every time I beheld the evil workings of nature. Truly, nature seems not to care for the individual life. It crushes and destroys and casts life away â€Å"as rubbish to the void†. To me also then nature was a nightmare I could not make any sense of. A while ago, this innocent girl’s death would have seemed another evil deed of nature, an unjust robbery. Life and man’s entire existence seemed so futile at certain moments†¦A mere girl dying for no reason, a whole life cut short because of a misplaced step†¦Oh, how easy it is for reason to doubt everything and for faith to die in the soul of man! But since, I have been shown a different path and for me faith has been renewed. Even at times like these, I feel that we have God in our souls, even if it difficult to perceive him in nature. I now know that it was the voice in my heart that has kept me from disbelief. Each time the voice of ‘cold reason’ interfered and questioned the meaning of all, â€Å"my heart stood up and answered: ‘I have felt’! †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Reason made me blind at times, but my heart cried out and melted my anger with its passion. Our knowledge of God comes only in these moments when the heart answers eagerly and warmly to all our questions. The death of a child makes me sad beyond speech, but it does not harden me anymore. I now believe that death is just a brief moment that takes us from life’s shore to death’s domain and God’s infinite ocean. God awaits us on the infinite ocean and he will be our Pilot ever after, our guiding light in the infinite sea of time and matter. Once I cross over, â€Å"I hope to see my Pilot face to face†, and I hope that this young girl has already seen him†¦ Tennyson had spoken warmly and tremulously, his whole soul into the words that tumbled from him. From his shaded place at the table, Browning replied: Browning: Your soul is as pure as your faith, my dear Tennyson. We have reached this strange time and place in history to meet death itself and behold it through the eyes of a child. Mortals fear death, with its unknown grip that will surround each of us as a mist and transport us to some mysterious realm. Life is strange and death seems even stranger. Any mortal would feel shaken in front of this last and final struggle. But what could it be in the end, but one more experience and the last in this life? â€Å"I would hate that Death bandaged my eyes, and forbore and made me creep past. † I want to taste death to the full as I have tasted this life and feel the moment in its fullness. The girl has left this world but someone will be waiting for her on the other side and her soul will be filled again. Once I am gone from this world, I know that I will regain my lost love and clasp her in my hands once more. Death is but a brief moment, a struggle that will takes us to a place of eternal peace, where we will rest with God. This world is indeed full of chances and mishaps, but all these will be resolved once we are on the other side†¦If love has remained unfulfilled in this life, it will be rekindled in eternity. I do believe that we lose nothing by death and that the other life is as rewarding as this one. I do not fear death and only expect it to carry me back to my lover†¦This girl must have led a tormented life, the prey of her own restless desires and questions, like all of us. She will find her peace in the eternal life and she will find her place there. There is nothing to fear, not even death†¦I will wait for it but not as an end, only as a new and fresh beginning. Browning had but uttered these words that Hopkins began: Hopkins: Shake off the discontent that has intruded upon your hearts, my friends! You see the death of a child as a black and tragic event, and it certainly seems so when our mortal and untrained eyes behold it. Man is frail in the hands of the divine will, his powers are limited†¦. But the more mighty seems the everlasting ruler of the world! The drudgery of our existence seems to hide God’s glory from our eyes. â€Å"Generations have trod, have trod, have trod; and all is seared with trade; bleared, smeared with toil†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The earth itself smells of man and his works. Yet, in the midst of all this trade and toil we the world appears â€Å"charged with the grandeur of God. † His creation and power and infinite and so are the possibilities of the world. It is through God’s almighty design that we see light disappear in one part of the world, knowing that it suddenly begins to shine in another. Just like light and darkness always coexist, nothing reigns in nature for an unlimited period of time. Through the power of God, the good and the bad coexist in the world at all times. This girl’s death is compensated by another design of God, perhaps unknown to us at present. Only God could make all these different things come into existence at the same time. â€Å"Nature is never spent, there lives the dearest freshness deep down things. † Tasting life, with its good and bad moments, we taste of the very glory of God, who is careful to pour his infinite essence into everything there is. Death is not an end as long as God lives in everything, as long as joy springs up from each fresh beginning. Each day begins with a morning and ends with a night, and yet nothing is ever the same. God’s glory shines through all things, like a foil that you shake in the light. There are no dead things in this world; all matter becomes translucent and fiery with God’s light. With a death, the world may seem bent like a hunchback, crushed underneath the weight of loss, but overall I see the shining spirit of the Holy Ghost shaking its bright wings! The body of the world will ever be lifted by the wings of the almighty spirit! There is no permanent death and no reason for sorrow in a world in which we see the proof of God’s greatness in everything. Learn how to see the world anew, rejoicing in the immense power of the Lord, that is without beginning and without end†¦

Essay about Active Listening Strategies within Effective...

Listening is a skill that requires active, rather than passive, participation to advance shared understanding and minimise misinterpretation. Active listening strategies such as analysing and displaying non-verbal body language, clarifying meaning and accuracy, expressing understanding for the speaker’s feelings through empathy and moments of silence contribute to effective communication. These methods encourage the speaker to convey his or her thoughts and minimises misinterpretation between sender and receiver. In order to discuss this topic it is necessary to determine the definition of the terms effective communication and active listening. Effective communication occurs when there is a shared understanding between sender and†¦show more content†¦When used consciously, these gestures can purposefully demonstrate interest to the speaker, encouraging the speaker to continue talking (Theobald Cooper 2004: 105). As the speaker continues more information is given. The listener is then able to collect the verbal and non-verbal data to gain a better understanding of what is being communicated. In addition to non-verbal body language, clarify meaning and accuracy assists the listener to gain an understanding of what is being said and helps to minimise misinterpretation. Misinterpretation occurs when a message is not understood as the sender had intended (Duck McMahan 2009: 18). Carl Rogers advises that ‘a good rule of thumb is to assume that you never really understand until you can communicate this understanding to the others satisfaction’ (1987: 4). Clarifying meaning and accuracy can be achieved by asking questions and paraphrasing. Paraphrasing allows the listener to check the accuracy of their interpretation of the speaker’s meaning by restating what has been said in different words (Turner West 2009: 208; DeVito 2011: 66). This can also help the listener to gain full understanding as paraphrasing often encourages the speaker to extend on what has already been said (DeVito 2011: 66). Asking questions also adds to understanding and minimises misinterpretation (DeVito 2011: 66; Eunson 2008: 320). Eunson (2008: 319,321) states that asking questions such as what, howShow MoreRelatedActive Listening and Strategies of Effective Communication712 Words   |  3 PagesActive Listening and Strategies of Effective Communication Active Listening and Strategies of Effective Communication Active listening is an attentive and interactive form of listening. One of the primary objectives of active listening is establishing and achieving empathy among all parties engaged in communication together. 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